Civics for Today the Political Process Chapter Review

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Class 10 Civics Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Political Parties

Political Parties Class ten Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter half dozen Very Brusk Answers Type

Question 1.
Give one reason why multi-political party system has evolved in Republic of india.
Answer:
It has evolved in Bharat because of the social and geographical diverseness of the country. This diversity cannot exist absorbed by 2 or three parties lone.

Question 2.
If all the decisions of a political party are made by a unmarried family and all other members are neglected, then what challenge is being faced past that party?
Answer:
The party is facing the challenge of dynastic succession.

Question three.
What is the requirement laid downward by the Election Commission for a political party to exist recognised as a 'State Party'?
Answer:
A party that secures at to the lowest degree six percentage of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a state and wins at least 2 seats is recognised as a 'State Party' by the Ballot Committee.

Question 4.
Why do political parties involve partisanship?
Respond:
Parties reverberate fundamental political divisions in a gild. Parties are nigh a office of the guild and thus involve partisanship.

Question five.
Mention one feature of political parties.
Reply:
Political parties are ane of the virtually visible institutions in a democracy.

Question 6.
What is a political political party known past?
Answer:
A political party is known by which part it stands for, which policies it supports and whose interests information technology upholds.

Question 7.
Mention the iii components of a political party.
Answer:
The three components of a political party are – the leaders, the active members, and the followers.

Question 8.
What does a political political party do?
Answer:
Basically, political parties fill political offices and exercise political power.

Question 9.
Who choose candidates for contesting elections in India?
Answer:
In Republic of india, pinnacle party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections.

Question x.
What kind of party system exists in India?
Respond:
Multi-party system exists in Bharat.

Question 11.
Which is the simply party immune to rule in Prc?
Reply:
It is the Communist Party.

Question 12.
Why is one-party arrangement not a skilful option? Explain giving example from Cathay?
Answer:
One-party system is non a good option because this is not a democratic option. In China, although people are legally complimentary to grade political parties, information technology does not happen because the electoral system does not permit gratis competition for power.

Question 13.
Name two countries where two-political party system exists.
Answer:
They are the United states of america of America and the Britain.

Question 14.
What is meant by multi-party system?
Reply:
In multi-party arrangement, the government is formed past various parties coming together in a coalition.

Question xv.
What is called an alliance or a front?
Answer:
When several parties in a multi-party arrangement bring together hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an alliance or a forepart.

Question xvi.
Mention one drawback of the multi-party system.
Answer:
The multi-party system often appears very messy and leads to political instability.

Question 17.
Mention i major feature of the multi-party system.
Answer:
The multi-party system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.

Question 18.
What is the requirement laid downwardly by the Election Commission for a political party to be recognised as a 'National Party'?
Answer:
A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Associates elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a 'National Political party' past the Election Committee.

Question 19.
When was the Indian National Congress (INC) founded? What causes does information technology support?
Respond:
The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded in 1885. The party supports secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities.

Question xx.
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of some famous persons. Who are they?
Answer:
These famous persons are – Sahu Maharaj, Jyotiba Phule, Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar.

Question 21.
Name the states where Bahujan Samsg Party has a strong base.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab.

Question 22.
What cause does BSP stand up for?
Answer:
BSP stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the dalits and oppressed people.

Question 23.
Amid which blazon of people does Communist Party of Republic of india-Marxist (CPI-M) bask strong support?
Reply:
CPI-M enjoys stiff support amidst the poor, factory workers, farmers, agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia.

Question 24.
What are the causes supported by Nationalist Congress Political party (NCP)?
Reply:
The causes supported by NCP are – democracy, Gandhian secularism, disinterestedness, social justice and federalism.

Question 25.
In which state is NCP a major party?
Answer:
NCP is a major party in Maharashtra.

Question 26.
Proper name some political parties which are conscious about their country identity.
Reply:
Biju Janata Dal, Sikkim Democratic Front and Mizo National Forepart.

Question 27.
Mention whatsoever 2 challenges that political parties are facing today.
Respond:
The first challenge is lack of internal commonwealth within parties and the 2d claiming is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties.

Question 28.
What is revolt?
Answer:
Defection is changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected (to a legislative body) to a different political party.

Question 29.
What does anti-defection law say?
Answer:
The law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she volition lose the seat in the legislature.

Question 30.
Mention any ii ways for conveying out political reforms in a democratic state.
Answer:

• Public participation in politics is necessary.
• Ordinary people need to be politically enlightened.

Question 31.
Explicate whatsoever 1 difference between a pressure level group and a political political party.
Answer:
Pressure groups do not directly control or share political power whereas political parties direct control
or share political power.

Question 32.
Name any 1 political party of India which grew out of a movement.
Answer:
AIDMK.

Political Parties Class x Actress Questions and Answer Civics Chapter vi Brusque Answers Type

Question 1.
"Serious efforts were fabricated by the legal organisations to reform political parties in India." Support the statement.
Answer:
(i) The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from irresolute parties. This was done because many elected representatives were indulging in revolt in guild to become ministers or for cash rewards. At present the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose the seat in the legislature. This new constabulary has helped bring defection downwardly. At the aforementioned fourth dimension this has made any dissent even more difficult.

(ii) The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of coin and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an affirmation giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him. The new system has made a lot of information available to the public.

(iii) The Election Committee passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organisational elections and file their income tax returns.

Question 2.
"Dynastic succession is 1 of the well-nigh serious challenges before the political parties." Analyse the argument.
Reply:
(i) Since nearly political parties do not exercise open and transparent procedures for their operation, at that place are few means for an ordinary worker to ascension to the top in a party.

(ii) Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair reward to favour people shut to them or even their family members.

(iii) In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of i family unit. This is unfair to other members of that party. This is bad for democracy too because people who do non accept adequate experience or popular back up come to occupy positions of power.

Question iii.
Proper name the 'Regional Political Parties' predominant in Punjab, Haryana and Uttarakhand respectively with their symbols.
Respond:

Question 4.
Proper name the six 'National Political Parties' in Bharat in a chronological order.
Answer:
Name of six National Political Parties:

• Indian National Congress (INC) popularly known as the Congress Political party – (1885)
• Communist Party of Republic of india (CPI) – (1925)
• Communist Political party of Republic of india Marxist (CPI-One thousand) – (1964)
• Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) – (1980)
• Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) – (1984)
• Nationalist Congress Political party (NCP) – (1999)

Question 5.
Depict the three components of a party.
Answer:
The 3 components of a political political party are-

• The leaders
• The active members and
• The followers.

The leaders:
A party consists of leaders, who contest elections and if they win them, perform the administrative task.

The active members:
Every political political party has lakhs of members and activists spread across the country. They are the assistants of the leaders to gain noesis nigh politics. They follow the direction of the political party leadership and are expected to do work for the welfare of the party.

The followers:
They are the ordinary citizens who piece of work under the guidance of the active members. They play a major function during elections. They spread the ideology of their political party across the country.

Question 6.
What is meant by 2-party system? Explicate its 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages.
Reply:
In some countries, power usually changes betwixt two main parties. Several other parties may exist, contest elections and win a few seats in the national legislatures. But only the two principal parties have a serious risk of winning majority of seats to form government. Such a political party system is called ii-party organisation. The U.s. of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system.

Advantages

• The two-party arrangement provide a stable balance past accommodating varied interests and opinions.
• This system discourages sudden shifts in political trends which threaten government stability.

Disadvantages

• Voters have express options. Fifty-fifty though they are dissatisfied with both the parties, they take to select one of the 2 and help it to win.
• This system is not suitable for a vast country like India.

Question 7.
State the different party system existing in various countries.
Answer:
Political parties are organised groups that seek to proceeds power in the political system. There are three major types of party systems in the world – One-political party, 2-political party and multi-political party.

(i) One-party system: Cathay has a 1-political party system. Hither, but the Communist Party is allowed to rule. Although people are free to form political parties, it does not happen because the electoral system does not permit gratis competition for power. Nosotros cannot consider one-political party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option.

(ii) Two-party system: In some countries, power ordinarily changes between ii principal parties. Several other parties may exist, competition elections and win a few seats in the national legislatures. Merely only the two main parties take a serious hazard of winning majority of seats to grade authorities. Such a party system is chosen two-party organization. The Usa and the United Kingdom are examples of ii-party system.

(iii) Multi-political party system: If several parties compete for ability, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to ability either on their own strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multi-party system. India has a multi-party system. It is because the social and geographical diversity in such a big country is not easily captivated by two or even iii parties.

Question 8.
How do political parties help in the formation of public opinion? Explain.
Answer:

• Political parties shape public opinion by raising and highlighting issues. Parties have lakhs of members and activists spread all over the country.
• Many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political parties amidst unlike sections of society.
• Parties sometimes as well launch movements for the resolution of issues faced by people. Often opinions in the society crystallise on the lines parties take.

Question 9.
What do yous mean by 'recognised parties'? Explain in the context of Bharat.
Answer:
Every political party in the land has to annals with the Election Commission. While the committee treats all parties equally, information technology offers some special facilities to large and established parties. These parties are given a unique symbol and but the official candidates of that party can apply that election symbol.

Parties that get this privilege and another special facilities are 'recognised' past the Election Commission for this purpose. That is why these parties are called, 'recognised political parties'. The Election Commission has laid downwards detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party must get in guild to be a recognised party.

Question 10.
What has contributed to the strengthening of federalism and democracy in our state? Explain.
Respond:
(i) Over the last three decades, the number and force of these parties has expanded. This made the Parliament of India politically more than and more diverse.

(ii) No one national political party is able to secure on its own a majority in Lok Sabha. As a result, the national parties are compelled to form alliances with state parties.

(iii) Since 1996, nearly every one of the land parties has got an opportunity to be a office of one or the other national level coalition government. This has contributed to the strengthening of federalism and republic in our country.

Question 11.
What is the criteria laid down by Ballot Commission in lodge to be recognised equally a state party and a national party?
Answer:
A party that secures at least 6 percent of the full votes in an ballot to the Legislative Assembly of a state and wins at least 2 seats is recognised equally a 'Land Party' by the Election Commission.

A party that secures at to the lowest degree six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Associates elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a 'National Party' by the Election Commission.

Question 12.
Depict four major functions of political parties.
Answer:

• Political parties brand the working of parliamentary regime possible.
• Political parties play a major role in formulating public polices.
• They provide political stability.
• Political parties help in the growth of the level of political consciousness of common citizens.

Question iii.
Mention any four features of the Communist Party of India-Marxist(CPI-M).
Answer:
(i) Founded in 1964, the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M) believes in Marxism-Leninism and supports socialism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism.

(ii) Information technology accepts democratic elections as a useful and helpful ways for securing the objective of socio-economic justice in Bharat.

(three) The party enjoys potent support in Due west Bengal, Kerala and Tripura, peculiarly amid the poor, factory workers, farmers, agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia.

(iv) It is critical of the new economic policies that allow complimentary catamenia of strange capital and goods into the country.

Political Parties Course ten Extra Questions and Answer Civics Affiliate 6 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Elucidate some of the contempo efforts taken in our country to reform political parties and its leaders.
Reply:
(i) The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was done because many elected representatives were indulging in defection in order to become ministers or for cash rewards. Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose the seat in the legislature. This new police has helped bring defection downward. At the same time this has fabricated any dissent even more difficult.

(ii) The Supreme Court passed an club to reduce the influence of money and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him. The new system has made a lot of information available to the public.

(iii) The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organisational elections and file their income tax returns.

Question 2.
Explicate the role of opposition parties in a commonwealth.
Answer:
Opposition parties play an important role in democracies. They play both positive and negative role.
Positive role

• They ensure political party in power does not misuse or abuse its power.
• Information technology exposes the weaknesses of the ruling party.
• It keeps a close acuity on the bills and expenditure of the government.

Negative role

• It targets the government and aims at dislodging and discrediting the government for all the ills and the troubles the people face.
• Through disrupting the proceedings of the Parliament, it slows the progress of the country. The role of the opposition parties is not to disturb the functioning of the administration simply to go along a close watch on the political party in power so that democracy becomes meaningful.

Question 3.
What is meant by a political party? Depict the iii components of a political party.
Answer:
A party is a group of people who come together to competition elections and agree power in the authorities. They concord on some policies and programmes for the order with a view to promote the collective adept. Since in that location can be different views on what is skilful for all, parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others. They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections.

The active members: Every political political party has lakhs of members and activists spread across the country. They are the administration of the leaders to gain knowledge most politics. They follow the management of the party leadership and are expected to do work for the welfare of the party

Question iv.
"About hundred years agone at that place were few countries that had hardly whatever party. Now there are few countries that exercise not have political parties." Examine this statement.
Answer:
The ascension of political parties is straight linked to the emergence and expansion of representative democracies. Big societies undoubtedly need representative democracy. As societies became big and complex, they besides needed some agency to assemble different views on various issues and to present these to the government. They needed some ways, to bring various representatives together then that a responsible authorities could exist formed.

They needed a mechanism to support or restrain the government, make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfil these needs that every representative government has. Thus, parties are a necessary condition for a commonwealth. Today more half of the independent countries in the world are democracies. This means the rising and growth of political parties. In the present fourth dimension, political parties have become omnipresent in democracies all over the globe.

Question 5.
Explain the growing part of coin and musculus ability in political parties.
Reply:
Political parties are facing various challenges:

(i) The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties. All over the world in that location is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of ability in one or few leaders at the height. Parties do not keep membership registers, practice not hold organisational meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly. Ordinary members of the political party do not get sufficient information on what happens inside the political party.

As a result, the leaders presume greater ability to make decisions in the name of the party. Those who disagree with the decisions or the leadership find it difficult to keep in the party. Personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important than loyalty to the party principles and policies.

(ii) The challenge of dynastic succession is related to the kickoff i. Since most political parties exercise not practise open and transparent procedures for their functioning, there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage to favour people close to them or fifty-fifty their family members. In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by the members of one family unit. This is unfair to other members of that party. This is not good for democracy also.

(iii) The growing part of coin and muscle power in parties, peculiarly during elections poses a big claiming. Since parties are focussed only on winning elections, they tend to employ unfair means to win elections. They tend to nominate only those candidates who have or tin can raise lots of money. Rich people and companies who give funds to the political party tend to take influence on the policies and decisions of the political party. In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections.

(iv) The failure of parties in offer a meaningful option to the voters is as well a big challenge. In gild to offering meaningful choice, parties must be significantly different. In recent years in that location has been a turn down in the ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world. Those who want really different policies have no option available to them. Sometimes people cannot even elect very different leaders either, considering the same set up of leaders keep shifting from one political party to another.

Question vi.
"The first challenge faced by political parties is lack of internal republic within parties."
What do yous empathise past the argument? Explain.
OR
"Lack of internal democracy within parties is a major challenge to political parties all over the world." Analyse the statement.
Answer:
(i) All over the world at that place is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top.

(ii) Parties practice not keep membership registers, exercise not hold organisational meetings, and practice not conduct internal elections regularly.

(iii) Ordinary members of the party do non get sufficient information on what happens within the party. They do not accept the means or the connections needed to influence the decisions. As a event, the leaders assume greater power to make decisions in the name of the party.

(4) Since i or few leaders practice paramount power in the party, those who disagree with the leadership find it hard to continue in the party.

(5) More than loyalty to political party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important

Question 7.
Why do nosotros need political parties? Explain.
OR
"Political parties play a major role in a democracy". Explain four points to justify this statement.
OR
"Modem democracies cannot exist without political parties". Examine the statement.
Reply:
(i) Modern democracies cannot be without political parties. In the absenteeism of political parties every candidate in the elections will be independent. As a result, no one will be able to make whatsoever promises to the people about whatever major policy changes.

(2) The regime may be formed sans political parties, simply its utility will remain e'er uncertain. Elected representatives volition be accountable to their constituency for what they practise in the locality. But no one will be responsible for how the country will be run.

(iii) Large societies need representative republic. As societies became large and complex, they also needed some agency to gather unlike views on diverse issues and to nowadays these to the government. They needed a mechanism to support or restrain the government, make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfil these needs that every representative government has.

(iv) Nosotros can say that parties are a necessary condition for a commonwealth. They perform diverse functions. They form the government and run information technology. They shape public stance. They play a decisive part in making laws for a country.

Political Parties Grade 10 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 6 College Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Question 1.
"No political party system is ideal for all countries and in all situations." Justify the statement with valid arguments.
Answer:
(i) Party organization is non something whatsoever country tin choose. It evolves over a long time, depending on the nature of society, its social and regional divisions, its history of politics and its organisation of elections. These cannot be changed very quickly.

(ii) Each country develops a political party organisation that is conditioned by its special circumstances. For instance, if Bharat has evolved a multi-party system, it is because the social and geographical diversity in such a large country is non hands absorbed by 2 or even 3 parties.

(three)In Communist china, but the Communist Party is allowed to rule. Although, legally speaking, people are complimentary to form political parties, information technology does non permit complimentary contest for ability. In some countries, such every bit the United States of America and the Great britain, ability ordinarily changes between two main parties.

Question two.
Differentiate betwixt a national party and a land political party.
Answer:
Nosotros tin differentiate betwixt a national political party and a country party on the following grounds –

National Party	State or Regional Party
(i) A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party.	(i) A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an ballot to the Legislative Associates of a state and wins at least two seats is recognised every bit a state political party.
(two) National parties are countrywide parties and have their units in various states.	(ii) State parties are popular within state and have their units in diverse districts.
(three) These parties raise issues of national interests. They are accountable to the entire population of the country.	(iii) These parties raise problems of regional or country interests. They are accountable to the people of the concerned state.
(iv) Example – The Indian National Congress, The Bharatiya Janata Party, The Bahujan Samaj Party etc.	(four) Instance – The Rashtriya Lok Dal, The Samajwadi Party, The Arunachal Congress, etc.

Question three.
What is multi-political party system? How has multi-political party system strengthened democracy in India?
Answer:
Multi-political party organization has strengthened commonwealth in Republic of india in the following manner:

(i) Multi-party system has given more choice to the people of our country to cull from.

(ii) India is full of diversities. In such a state of affairs multi-party system is successful in representing diverse interests prevalent in the land.

(iii) It has given voice to the marginalised groups/underprivileged and increased their participation in the country politics.

(iv) With increment in the number of political parties, the Parliament of India has become politically more and more diverse. No one national party is able to secure on its own a majority in Lok Sabha. Hence, national parties form alliances with state parties. Since 1996, nearly every one of the state parties has got an opportunity to exist a part of 1 or the other national level coalition authorities. This has strengthened democracy in our country.

Question 4.
State any 2 advantages of multi-political party organisation. In what fashion is an brotherhood different from a coalition regime?
Answer:
Two advantages of multi-party system

• It offers a wider choice to voters during elections.
• It absorbs social and geographical diversity in a better way.

Alliance
When several political parties join easily for the purpose of fighting an ballot, it is chosen an alliance. For case, the National Autonomous Brotherhood and United Progressive Alliance.

Coalition
When no single political party enjoys majority back up of the members in a legislature, in such a state of affairs the regime is formed by two or more parties meeting. It is chosen a coalition government. It reduces the authorization of any one party within that coalition.

Question 5.
What is meant by a 'national political party' state the conditions required to be a national political political party.
Answer:

National Party	Land or Regional Party
(i) A party that secures at least half-dozen per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party.	(i) A party that secures at to the lowest degree half-dozen per cent of the full votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a country and wins at to the lowest degree two seats is recognised as a country party.
(ii) National parties are countrywide parties and take their units in various states.	(ii) Land parties are popular within state and have their units in various districts.
(iii) These parties raise issues of national interests. They are accountable to the entire population of the country.	(iii) These parties raise issues of regional or state interests. They are accountable to the people of the concerned state.
(iv) Example – The Indian National Congress, The Bharatiya Janata Party, The Bahujan Samaj Party etc.	(iv) Example – The Rashtriya Lok Dal, The Samajwadi Party, The Arunachal Congress, etc.

Political Parties Class 10 Actress Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 6 Value-based Questions (VBQs)

Question 1.
Which political party was formed under the leadership of Kanshi Ram?Mention 4 features of this party. Is this party able to fulfil the aspirations of the downtrodden class of the gild?
Answer:
The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) was formed under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.
Iv Features of this party are-

• It draws inspiration from the ideals and teachings of Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar.
• It seeks to correspond and secure power for the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits, adivasis, OBCs and religious minorities.
• Information technology stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the dalits and oppressed people.
• It has its chief base in the country of Uttar Pradesh and substantial presence in neighbouring states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab. Yes Bahujan Samaj Party has fulfilled the aspirations of the downtrodden class of the club to some extent. Considering information technology has made them socially and politically conscious. Now they can play an active part in the society.

Question 2.
Name the national political political party which gets inspiration from India'southward ancient culture and values. Mention four features of that political party.
Respond:
Bharatiya Janata Political party or BJP. This party was founded in 1980 by reviving the one-time Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
Four features of this party are-

• Cultural nationalism is an important element in its formulation of Indian nationhood and politics.
• The political party wants full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with Bharat, a uniform civil lawmaking for all people living in the country irrespective of religion and ban on religious conversions.
• Its support base increased substantially in the 1990s. Before express to north and west and to urban areas, the political party expanded its support in the south, e, the n-east and to rural areas.
• It came to power in 1998 equally the leader of the National Autonomous Brotherhood including several states and regional parties. It lost elections in 2004. It again came to power in 2013. Currently it leads the ruling National Democratic Alliance coalition government at the centre.

Question 3.
Name the national party which espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities. Mention a few features of that party.
OR
Which is the oldest national political party? Mention its features.
Reply:
The Indian National Congress (INC) is the oldest political party in India. It was founded in 1885.
The chief features of this party are-

• It played a ascendant role in Indian politics at the national and land levels for several decades after India's Independence.
• Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the party sought to build a modern secular autonomous republic in Republic of india.
• It is a centrist party (neither rightist nor leftist) in its ideological orientation. It espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities.

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